Day: August 12, 2022

The Ad Hoc Joint Committee on Flood Disaster Relief and Recovery has raised concern about lack of coordination and integrated plans to resolve the housing needs of people displaced by the floods.

The committee held a meeting with the departments of Social Development, Transport, Small Business Development and Public Enterprises, to gain an understanding of the extent of the support provided by government to the affected provinces and municipalities. This to assist communities severely affected by the floods, which battered parts of the country in April.

During a meeting on Thursday, the committee was informed of the inhumane conditions at some of the shelters, where children, women and men all sleep in one place, which poses a risk, as women and children are vulnerable to all kind of hazards, including gender-based violence (GBV).

The committee has asked the Department of Social Development to furnish it with a consolidated report on all donor funding received from various countries, including the private sector and non-governmental organisations.

Committee Chairpersons, Cedric Frolick and Jomo Nyambi said the committee was unhappy about the slow delivery of temporary residential units (TRUs), noting that this makes it difficult to address the housing backlog and results in the shelters being used for longer than expected.

“The committee wants the Department of Human Settlements to accelerate the provision of TRUs, with the understanding that they are not a permanent solution, but only a temporary measure,” the two chairpersons said.

The committee also noted the detailed focus on KwaZulu-Natal in the Department of Transport’s report, however, a similar level of detail was lacking about the Eastern Cape and the North West.

The committee said it expects the department to come back with a more detailed report on the interventions in the two provinces.

The committee further raised its dissatisfaction with the lack of detailed information from the Department of Small Business Development’ presentation on the disbursement of relief funds to beneficiaries.

It said it is concerned that the lack of details might lead to marginalised people not benefiting from the relief funds.

The committee said the applications for relief funds only opened in July, four months after the April floods.

“This reflects that there was no sense of urgency to respond to the declaration of a national state of disaster,” the chairpersons said.

Meanwhile, the committee commended the report that the Port of Durban has been restored to full functionality, which has reconnected the country to the international trade economy.

It also welcomed the report that Transnet has entered into an agreement with eThekwini Municipality for the upkeep of the Montclair Lodge in Yellowwood Park, which is currently housing flood victims.

Source: UN News Service

SUMMARY

• The Southern Africa Region is estimated to be one of the most affected regions by the ripple effects of the Ukraine crisis; WFP estimates the projected additional increase in regional acute food insecurity due to the crisis at approximately 10 million people in absolute terms1 .

• Despite governments attempting to curb soaring food and fuel prices through various measures (e.g. fuel subsidies, price ceilings on basic commodities, etc.), all monitored countries in the region have seen a year-on-year (y-o-y) increase in the cost of their food baskets ranging between 5 to 200%. As the region is a net importer of cooking oils, all monitored countries have also seen a high y-o-y increase in cooking oil prices (10 – 400%), and nearly all countries have seen a y-o-y increase in cereal prices.

• As of May 2022, the top 4 countries which saw the highest y-o-y price increases across the 3 main food commodities (i.e. cereals, pulses and cooking oil) and the food basket were Zimbabwe, Malawi, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and the Republic of Congo (ROC).

• High global oil prices have led to increased freight rates and high domestic pump prices; comparing pre-crisis rates to current rates, WFP’s ocean freight rates to the region from other regions have seen a 10-40% increase. Given that the impact of high freight costs slowly pass through to retail prices and peak after 12 months, the inflationary impact of high freight costs will likely continue to be felt throughout 20222 . In contrast, pass-through of high global oil prices to pump prices is much quicker and prices across the region have soared; 9 monitored countries in the region saw their domestic petrol prices increase over the past year and for 7 of them this is the 2nd consecutive year of petrol price increases.

• While the impact of high food prices are already being felt across the region, surging fertilizer costs are of major concern for the upcoming agricultural season. Various export restrictions on fertilizer are currently affecting nearly all the countries in the region, and with tight supplies, prices have soared in domestic markets (e.g. Zimbabwe, Malawi, South Africa and Tanzania have seen their prices double y-o-y). While countries such as Malawi have committed to maintaining the same budget for their agricultural input programmes this year as last year, with high international prices and a weakening currency, fertilizer accessibility could pose a significant challenge to this year’s agricultural production.

• With the exception of Angola and Zambia, most countries in the region are seeing their currencies depreciate against the USD on a y-o-y comparison, with Zimbabwe and Malawi having recently seen significant month-on-month depreciation; as a result, countries are facing higher import bills and worsening trade imbalances. As countries have been deeply scarred by the impact of the COVID-10 pandemic, they are not in a good fiscal space to absorb additional shocks, and fiscal balancing is becoming increasingly difficult for many countries.

• The impact of the Ukraine crisis is currently mainly being felt in terms of food access; however, high fertilizer prices and the possibility of food export restrictions or bans could result in this becoming a food availability issue. Much depends on this upcoming agricultural season, and close monitoring of the impact of the global food crisis on the region will be needed.

Source: World Food Programme

REGIONAL OVERVIEW

The East and Horn of Africa, and the Great Lakes (EHAGL) region is host to a significant number of internally displaced persons (IDPs). As of 30 June 2022, there were approximately 12.83 million IDPs in the region – mainly in Burundi, Ethiopia, Sudan, Somalia and South Sudan. The drivers of displacements continue to remain complex, including conflict and persecution, as well as climate related natural disasters, often in situations where the different factors are interrelated or compounded.

Considering that a significant proportion of displacements in the region stem from conflicts, and many conflicts remain active in a very fluid context, the protection focus is mainly on life-saving activities informed by protection monitoring and ensuring the provision of shelters and core relief items (CRIs). At the same time, there is a strong focus in the region on the pursuit of durable solutions. While numerous IDP returns are taking place in the region, most are self-organized rather than facilitated, and difficult to quantify.

In line with the Global tri-cluster leadership approach and revised UNHCR Policy on Engagement in Situations of Internal Displacement (2019), UNHCR is leading or co-leading the Protection, Camp Coordination and Camp Management, and Shelter/NFI clusters in most countries. Durable solutions are highlighted as a core priority in the recently launched UN Action Agenda and are a critical element of the IDP response in the East, Horn of Africa and Great Lakes region. While each country in the region has different contextual factors around durable solutions, UNHCR is pursuing a more coordinated approach together with the other actors including development actors and donor to promote and realise durable solutions initiatives in the region.

On 28 June 2022, UNHCR launched the regional Drought Response Emergency Appeal for the Horn of Africa and is appealing for urgent support to help displaced people and local host communities affected by the catastrophic drought. To deliver life-saving assistance and protection to some 1.5 million refugees, internally displaced people and local host communities affected by the drought in Ethiopia, Kenya, and Somalia,

UNHCR is appealing for US$ 42.6 million, which will cover critical humanitarian needs in IDP and refugee settlements including water, sanitation facilities, nutrition, healthcare, and protection.

The appeal is targeting 943,000 IDPs along with their host communities in Ethiopia and Somalia.

Response activities will be carried out as mandated in the cluster response mechanism for IDP situations and under the Refugee Coordination Model as relevant. The drought, a stark reminder of the devastating impact of the global climate crisis, is the worst in the region in four decades and is the culmination of four consecutive failed rainy seasons. Water sources have dried up and crops and livestock have died, stripping people of their livelihoods and the ability to support themselves.

Source: UN High Commissioner for Refugees

Publication Summary

On 4 August 2022, the Parties to the Revitalized Peace Agreement agreed to extend the Transitional Period for 24 months. The Parties, led by the Council of Ministers, acted under article 8.4 of the Agreement which provides a three-stage procedure for amending the Agreement. The three stages include: (1) approval by two-thirds of the Council of Ministers, (2) consent by two-thirds of the members of the Revitalized Joint Monitoring and Evaluation Commission, and (3) ratification by the Transitional National Legislature. This Weekly Review discusses the implications of this extension and its proposed Roadmap. We argue that the government’s extension meets the first stage but fails short in the case of the last two for a valid amendment to be attained. We, however, contend that the Revitalized Joint Monitoring and Evaluation Commission’s (RJMEC) consent is only procedural, so skipping it does not render the changes invalid provided the parliament finally ratifies them.

Mading Gum Mading’s Biography

Mading Gum is a constitutional lawyer and the managing partner for Mading & Co. Advocates. He is a law lecturer and head of Private Law Department at the School of Law of the University of Juba. He holds a Bachelor of Laws degree from the University of Juba, a Post-Graduate Diploma in Legal Practice from the Institute of Legal Practice and Development (ILPD, Rwanda), and a Master of Laws degree (LL.M) in Law, Governance and Democracy from the University of Nairobi School of Law. He is also a member of the South Sudan Bar Association.

Joseph Geng Akech’s Biography

Joseph Geng Akech is a passionate South Sudanese human rights lawyer. He holds Diploma in community development, (KISWCD, Kenya), Bachelor of Laws (BU, Uganda), LLM in human rights and democratisation in Africa, with distinction (Pretoria, South Africa) and PhD (doctoral) researcher on constitution building in fragile states. His research interests are in constitutional law, human rights, transitional justice and peace building. Joseph’s doctoral research is entitled ‘foreign influence and the legitimacy of constitution building in South Sudan’ which interrogates international involvement and the legitimacy of resulting permanent constitution in the world’s newest nation. Joseph has published numerous articles and chapters in books on constitutionalism and peacebuilding. He can be reached on josephgakech@gmail.com.

Peter Garang Geng’s Biography

Peter Garang Geng is a practicing lawyer and an experienced humanitarian worker. He holds an LLM in international law, with concentration on human rights from Sharda University, India. His research interest focuses on the rule of law and governance, human rights and gender, and humanitarian law. He may be reached on e-mail: garanggengakot@gmail.com

Source: The Sudd Institute