Day: March 19, 2022

NAIROBI, KENYA — Experts warn the war in Ukraine could increase hunger and food insecurity for some people in Africa. Most African countries import wheat and vegetable oil from Ukraine and Russia, a region now engulfed in conflict since Russia invaded its neighbor.

African families are feeling the pinch as prices of essential commodities increase due to persistent drought, the coronavirus pandemic, and now, the Russia-Ukraine conflict.

The United Nations says Russia and Ukraine produce 53% of the world’s sunflowers and seeds, and 27% of the world’s wheat.

The U.N. Conference on Trade and Development figures show Africa imported wheat from the two countries worth $5.1 billion between 2018-2020.

The study shows at least 25 African countries import a third of their wheat from Russia and Ukraine, and 15 of them import more than half from those two countries.

Kenya is one of the African countries affected by the global food price increase.

The head of policy research and advocacy at the Kenya Association of Manufacturers, Job Wanjohi, says the cost of importing wheat to the country has increased by 33%.

“The cost of wheat per ton, of which Kenya is heavily dependent on Russia and Ukraine, has increased to $460 per ton. Before, it was $345 per ton and the landing cost in Nairobi is likely to increase from $500 to $550 per ton. So, the Ukraine-Russia war is aggravating the situation, food security in the country is concerned,” Wanjoh said.

Vegetable oil prices have also increased. Malaysia and Indonesia account for 85% of global crude palm oil exports.

Malaysian authorities warned this week the price of palm oil could reach $2,200 a ton and is expected to remain that way until the third quarter of the year.

Peter Kamalingin, head of Pan Africa at charity Oxfam International, says Africa is more vulnerable to food insecurity.

“Relying on the global food chain only means you are going to be more vulnerable for a long time. Oxfam has said what we need is investing in small farmers, making them more resilient, bringing technology that is responsive and sensitive to their unique needs. Small food producers are still the most important, and our agricultural produce and extension services, our national budget investment have not been focused on this. Food sovereignty means producing as much food as possible within the country, if not within the country at least within the region,” he said.

Kamalingin also says African governments are not investing enough in their communities.

“Government in our part of the world have had to go into increasing problem of debt and some of the economies in the region, for every 10 shillings of the national budget probably seven is going to repaying debt. That also means governments are not investing in social services, in water, health, education. So, that burden is being transferred to the household and most of the household, it means women and children are the ones bearing that burden. And now we have had this Ukraine crisis, which is exacerbating the problem in many fronts,” Kamalingin said.

The U.N.’s International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) warns that the ongoing war in Ukraine will escalate global hunger and poverty.

Gerrishon Ikiara, who teaches economics at the University of Nairobi, says African countries need to build infrastructure that can help with the movement of goods.

“But also try to see how we can integrate Africa economies much better, because there are some countries with surplus food countries like DRC, Uganda, and quite a number of others have the capacity to feed a big part of Africa if it’s properly connected,” Ikiara said.

Experts say intervention, like stabilizing local markets, cash transfers and creating savings and loan groups, can help Africa cope and reduce the impact of the global food crisis.

Source: Voice of America

South Sudanese President Salva Kiir and Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, Chairman of Sudan’s Sovereign Council, agreed to develop cooperation and to have joint deployment in the border areas, including the contested Abyei.

Al-Burhan was on a two-day visit to Juba where he discussed with President Kiir and his first deputy Riek Machar ways to end the sticky issues in the implementation of the revitalized peace agreement. Before arriving in Juba he had a meeting in Uganda with President Museveni, the other guarantor of peace in South Sudan.

The two leaders, also, discussed bilateral relations and agreed that joint development projects in the 2000-km border areas are key to sustainable peace.

“As a starting point for this cooperation, Presidents Salva Kiir and H.E. Abdel Fattah al-Burhan agreed to set a model of peace through the development of unitized oil fields, including in the Abyei area, reads a joint communiqué released in Juba by the foreign ministers of the two countries.

“They have charged their respective foreign ministries to operationalize committees for cross-border development that will elaborate the details of this cooperation to rebuild the historic bridges between our countries,” further added the communiqué issued at the end of al-Burhan’s visit.

The communiqué did not provide specific details of where and how the joint force will be deployed in the oil fields.

It was not immediately clear whether the joint deployment, which has not been clarified, would include security forces to provide protection to workers or not.

Several senior officials at the South Sudanese presidency told the Sudan Tribune that details of the deal will be worked out by the technical committees from the two countries.

The two leaders used the opportunity to encourage the citizens of South Sudan and Sudan to make diversities a source of enrichment and strength for both countries.

The agreement comes following recent intercommunal clashes between the Dinka Ngok and Misseriya herders in Abyei where dozens were killed between January and March of this year.

Kiir and Burhan also agreed to revive ancient economic, political, and cultural cooperation that made Nile Valley civilizations prosperous as far back as the Kushite Kingdom, which unites our people in a common origin.

The communiqué points out that peace and security are prerequisites to socio-economic advancements, in the two Sudan and the Horn of Africa.

Joint command structures

With regard to the long-standing difference over the command structure and of the unified South Sudanese army, Burhan further used the opportunity to make a proposition aiming to break the deadlock between the main two partners of the revitalized peace agreement.

Besides President Kiir, he discussed the proposal with SPLM-IO leader and South Sudan’s FVP Riek Machar.

However, no statement was issued about Marchar’s position from the Sudanese proposal.

The SPLM-IO has demanded 50% -50% power-sharing in the command structure of the unified army in South Sudan as a prerequisite to graduating the joint forces that are in the training centres since late 2020.

Source: Sudan Tribune

GENEVA — The U.N. Refugee Agency, UNHCR, and 102 humanitarian and developmental agencies are asking for $1.2 billion to help 2.3 million South Sudanese refugees and communities sheltering them in five countries.

Nearly 4 million South Sudanese have fled nearly a decade of civil war and a peace deal that has not yet come to fruition, and they are either still in that country or have become refugees in neighboring countries.

The South Sudan refugee crisis is Africa’s largest and the response to it is one of the least-funded humanitarian operations. An estimated 2.3 million people have fled to the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Sudan, and Uganda.

While praising their generosity, U.N. refugee spokesman Matthew Saltmarsh says those countries are poor, suffer from many of the same problems as does South Sudan and can ill-afford to care for the masses of impoverished refugees.

“South Sudan continues to grapple with sporadic violence, chronic food insecurity and the devastating impact of major flooding. The COVID-19 pandemic has also strained people’s resources. … Asylum countries are facing similar challenges from the climate crisis and the pandemic but have continued to keep their doors open for refugees,” he said.

Saltmarsh says the host countries need support to provide food, shelter, and essential services, such as education and health care.

The United Nations says women and girls in South Sudan are subject to gender-based violence, rape and conflict-related sexual violence. Saltmarsh says the UNHCR and partners will scale up programs to prevent and respond to gender-based violence. They will provide mental health and psycho-social support to victims of abuse.

“This follows a worrying rise in reports of depression over the last year, especially among refugees in Kenya and Uganda. It remains, of course, as you know a children’s crisis, with 2 out of 3 South Sudanese refugees being under the age of 18. Funding is required for child protection including to ensure proper birth registration and family reunification,” he said.

Saltmarsh acknowledges competition for scarce resources is fierce. He notes the international focus and response to the war in Ukraine is overwhelming. He says that is appropriate given the enormity of the crisis. However, he says the plight of the South Sudanese refugees must not be forgotten.

Source: Voice of America